I Am His Legacy His Sacrafice After the Darkest Night the Sun Will Rise Again Dracula Untold

Title character of Bram Stoker's 1897 gothic horror novel Dracula

Count Dracula
Dracula grapheme
Bela Lugosi as Count Dracula in the 1931 film Dracula
First advent	Dracula (1897)
Created by	Bram Stoker
Based on	Vlad Iii Dracula
Portrayed by	See below
In-universe data
Aliases	Vlad the Impaler Dracula Count De Ville[ane] Mr. De Ville[2]
Nickname	Evil eye[3] Ordog Pokol Stregoika Vrolok Vlkoslag[4] D.[v] Nosferatu Drac
Species	Vampire Undead man Dhampir Werewolf[6] [7]
Gender	Male person
Title	Transylvanian Noble[viii] Voivode[9] Solomonari[10] Vampire King[11]
Spouse	Possibly Brides of Dracula (unclear)

Count Dracula () is the title graphic symbol of Bram Stoker's 1897 gothic horror novel Dracula. He is considered to be both the prototypical and the archetypal vampire in subsequent works of fiction. Some aspects of the graphic symbol are believed to have been inspired past the 15th-century Wallachian Prince Vlad the Impaler, who was also known as Dracula, and by Sir Henry Irving, an actor for whom Stoker was a personal assistant.^[12]

Ane of Dracula's virtually iconic powers is his power to plow others into vampires past biting them and infecting them with the vampiric disease. Other character aspects have been added or contradistinct in subsequent popular fictional works. The character has appeared frequently in popular culture, from films to blithe media to breakfast cereals.

Stoker's creation [edit]

Bram Stoker'southward novel takes the form of an epistolary tale, in which Count Dracula'due south characteristics, powers, abilities and weaknesses are narrated by multiple narrators, from unlike perspectives.^[thirteen]

Count Dracula is an undead, centuries-old vampire, and a Transylvanian nobleman who claims to be a Székely descended from Attila the Hun.^[14] He inhabits a decaying castle in the Carpathian Mountains nigh the Borgo Laissez passer. Dissimilar the vampires of Eastern European folklore, which are portrayed as repulsive, corpse-like creatures, Dracula is handsome and charismatic, with a veneer of aristocratic charm. In his conversations with Jonathan Harker, he reveals himself as deeply proud of his boyar heritage and cornball for the past, which he admits has become only a memory of heroism, honour and valour in modernistic times.

Early life [edit]

This article is missing information about Dracula's backstory outlined in the 2018 prequel novel Dracul, written past Dacre Stoker from Bram Stoker's manuscripts.. Please expand the article to include this information. Further details may exist on the talk page. (Nov 2020)

Details of his early on life are undisclosed, just it is mentioned that

he was in life a most wonderful human being. Soldier, statesman, and alchemist. Which latter was the highest development of the scientific knowledge of his fourth dimension. He had a mighty brain, a learning across compare, and a heart that knew no fear and no remorse... there was no branch of knowledge of his fourth dimension that he did not essay.^[15]

Dracula studied the blackness arts at the academy of Scholomance in the Carpathian Mountains, overlooking the town of Sibiu (also known as Hermannstadt) and has a deep knowledge of alchemy and magic.^[sixteen] Taking up arms, equally befitting his rank and condition as a voivode, he led troops against the Turks across the Danube. According to his nemesis Abraham Van Helsing, "He must indeed accept been that Voivode Dracula who won his proper name confronting the Turk, over the peachy river on the very frontier of Turkey-land. If it be so, so was he no common man: for in that time, and for centuries afterward, he was spoken of every bit the cleverest and the most cunning, besides as the bravest of the sons of the land beyond the forest."^[17] Dead and buried in a swell tomb in the chapel of his castle, Dracula returns from death as a vampire and lives for several centuries in his castle with three terrifyingly cute female vampires beside him.^[18]

Narrative [edit]

Short story [edit]

In "Dracula's Guest", the narrative follows an unnamed Englishman traveller as he wanders around Munich before leaving for Transylvania. It is Walpurgis Nighttime and the young Englishman foolishly leaves his hotel, in spite of the coachman'southward warnings, and wanders through a dense woods lone. Forth the mode, he feels that he is being watched past a alpine and sparse stranger.

The short story climaxes in an old graveyard, where the Englishman encounters a sleeping female vampire chosen Countess Dolingen in a marble tomb with a large fe stake driven into it. This malevolent and beautiful vampire awakens from her marble bier to conjure a snowstorm before being struck past lightning and returning to her eternal prison. Withal, the Englishman'due south troubles are non quite over, as he is dragged away by an unseen strength and rendered unconscious. He awakens to find a "gigantic" wolf lying on his chest and licking at his throat; still, the wolf but keeps him warm and protects him until help arrives. When the Englishman is finally taken back to his hotel, a telegram awaits him from his expectant host Dracula, with a warning well-nigh "dangers from snowfall and wolves and night".

Novel [edit]

In Dracula, the eponymous vampire has decided to move from Transylvania to London. He summons Jonathan Harker, a newly qualified English solicitor, to provide legal support for a existent manor transaction overseen past Harker'due south employer. Dracula at first charms Harker with his cordiality and historical knowledge, and even rescues him from the clutches of the iii female vampires in the castle. In truth, however, Dracula just wishes to keep Harker alive long enough to consummate the legal transaction and to learn as much as possible well-nigh England.

Ruins of Whitby Abbey in Whitby. As a animal resembling a large dog which came ashore at the Whitby headland, Count Dracula runs up the 199 steps to the graveyard of St Mary's Church in the shadow of the abbey ruins

Dracula leaves his castle and boards a Russian transport, the Demeter, taking along with him 50 boxes of Transylvanian soil, which he needs to regain his strength and residue during daylight. During the voyage to Whitby, a littoral town in northern England, he sustains himself on the ship's crew members. Only i body is afterwards plant, that of the captain, who is plant tied upward to the ship'due south helm. The helm'southward log is recovered and tells of strange events that had taken identify during the ship's journeying. Dracula leaves the transport in the form of a dog and runs up the 199 steps to the graveyard of St Mary's Church in the shadow of the Whitby Abbey ruins.

Soon the Count begins menacing Harker's fiancée, Wilhelmina "Mina" Murray, and her friend, Lucy Westenra. At that place is also a notable link between Dracula and Renfield, a patient in an insane aviary overseen past John Seward, who is compelled to consume spiders, birds, and other creatures—in ascending order of size—to blot their "life strength". Renfield acts as a kind of sensor, reacting to Dracula'due south proximity and supplying clues accordingly. Dracula visits Lucy'due south bed chamber on a nightly basis, draining her of blood while simultaneously infecting her with the expletive of vampirism. Not knowing the crusade for Lucy's deterioration, her three suitors – Seward, Arthur Holmwood and Quincey Morris – call upon Seward'due south mentor, the Dutch md Abraham Van Helsing. Van Helsing soon deduces her status's supernatural origins, and tries to proceed the vampire at bay with garlic. Nevertheless, Dracula attacks Lucy's house one terminal time, killing her mother and transforming Lucy herself into one of the undead.

Harker escapes Dracula'southward castle and returns to England, barely alive and securely traumatized. On Seward'south suggestion, Mina seeks Van Helsing'south assist in assessing Harker's health. She reads his journal and passes it along to Van Helsing. This unfolds the commencement clue to the identity of Lucy's assailant, which later prompts Mina to collect all of the events of Dracula'due south appearance in news articles, saved letters, newspaper clippings and the journals of each member of the grouping. This assists the group in investigating Dracula's movements and later discovering that Renfield's behaviour is direct influenced by Dracula. They and so discover that Dracula has purchased a residence next door to Seward'due south. The group gathers intelligence to rail down Dracula and destroy him.

After the undead Lucy attacks several children, Van Helsing, Seward, Holmwood and Morris enter her catacomb and destroy her to save her soul. Afterwards, Harker joins them and the party piece of work to find Dracula'south intentions. Harker aids the party in tracking downwards the locations of the boxes to the various residences of Dracula and discovers that Dracula purchased multiple real estate properties throughout London^[19] under the alias 'Count De Ville'.^[20] Dracula's primary plan was to move each of his 50 boxes of earth to his diverse properties in order to adapt multiple lairs throughout and around the perimeter of London.^[19]

The political party pries open each of the graves, places sacramental wafers within each of them, and seals them shut. This deprives Dracula of his ability to seek safety in those boxes.^[21] Dracula gains entry into Seward'southward residence by coercing an invitation out of Renfield. Every bit he attempts to enter the room in which Harker and Mina are staying, Renfield tries to terminate him; Dracula then mortally wounds him. With his dying breath, Renfield tells Seward and Van Helsing that Dracula is later Mina. Van Helsing and Seward discover Dracula biting Mina and forcing her to beverage his blood. The grouping repel Dracula using crucifixes and sacramental bread, forcing him to flee by turning into a dark vapour. The party continue to hunt Dracula to search for his remaining lairs.^[22] Although Dracula's 'baptism' of Mina grants him a telepathic link to her, it backfires when Van Helsing hypnotizes Mina and uses her supernatural link with Dracula to runway him as he flees back to Transylvania.

The heroes follow Dracula back to Transylvania, and in a climactic boxing with Dracula'southward Romani bodyguards, finally destroy him. Despite the popular image of Dracula having a stake driven through his heart to kill him, Mina'due south narrative describes his decapitation by Harker'due south kukri while Morris simultaneously pierces his heart with a Bowie knife (Mina Harker's Periodical, 6 Nov, Dracula Chapter 27). His body then turns into dust, but not earlier Mina sees an expression of peace on his face.

Characteristics [edit]

"Listen to them—the children of the dark. What music they brand!".

— Count Dracula to Jonathan Harker, referring to the howling of the wolves. Dracula, Chapter 2.^[23]

Although early in the novel Dracula dons a mask of cordiality, he oft flies into fits of rage when his plans are frustrated. When Dracula's brides attempt to seduce Jonathan Harker, Dracula physically assaults 1 and ferociously berates them for their insubordination.

He has an appreciation for ancient compages, and when purchasing a home he prefers them to exist aged, saying "A new domicile would impale me", and that to make a new domicile habitable to him would have a century.^[24]

Dracula is very proud of his warrior heritage, proclaiming his pride to Harker on how the Székely people are infused with the blood of heroes. He also expresses an interest in the history of the British Empire, speaking admiringly of its people. He has a somewhat fundamental and predatory worldview; he pities ordinary humans for their revulsion to their darker impulses. He is non without human emotions, still; he often says that he too can dear.^[25]

Though usually portrayed as having a stiff Eastern European accent, the original novel simply specifies that his spoken English is excellent, though strangely toned.

His appearance varies in age. He is described early in the novel as thin, with a long white moustache, pointed ears and sharp teeth.^[26] Information technology is also noted later in the novel (Chapter 11 subsection "The Escaped Wolf") by a zookeeper who sees him that he has a hooked nose and a pointed beard with a streak of white in it. He is dressed all in blackness and has hair on his palms. Harker describes him equally an onetime human, "cruel looking" and giving an consequence of "extraordinary pallor".^[26]

I saw... Count Dracula... with red light of triumph in his eyes, and with a grin that Judas in hell might exist proud of.

—Jonathan Harker's journal, Dracula, Chapter 4

As the novel progresses, Dracula is described as taking on a more and more youthful appearance. After Harker strikes him with a shovel, he is left with a scar on his forehead which he bears throughout the course of the novel.

Dracula too possesses slap-up wealth, and has Romani people in his homeland who are loyal to him as servants and protectors.

Powers and weaknesses [edit]

Count Dracula is portrayed in the novel using many unlike supernatural abilities, and is believed to have gained his abilities through dealings with the Devil. Chapter xviii of the novel describes many of the abilities, limitations and weaknesses of vampires and Dracula in particular. Dracula has superhuman strength which, according to Van Helsing, is equivalent to that of 20 strong men. He does not cast a shadow or have a reflection from mirrors. He is immune to conventional means of assault; a sailor tries to stab him in the back with a knife, but the blade goes through his body as though information technology is air.^[27] He tin can defy gravity to a certain extent and possesses superhuman agility, able to climb vertical surfaces upside downwardly in a reptilian manner. He tin can travel onto "unhallowed" basis, such equally the graves of suicides and those of his victims. He has powerful hypnotic, telepathic and illusionary abilities. He also has the ability to "within limitations" vanish and reappear elsewhere at will. If he knows the path, he tin can come up out from anything or into annihilation regardless of how shut it is bound or even if it is soldered shut.^[28]

He has amassed cunning and wisdom throughout centuries, and he is unable to die past the mere passing of time alone.^[28]

He tin can command animals such as rats, owls, bats, moths, foxes and wolves. Still, his control over these animals is limited, as seen when the political party beginning enters his house in London. Although Dracula is able to summon thousands of rats to swarm and attack the group, Holmwood summons his trio of terriers to do battle with the rats. The dogs prove very efficient rat killers, suggesting they are Manchester Terriers trained for that purpose. Terrified by the dogs' onslaught, the rats flee, and any control which Dracula had over them is gone.^[29]

Dracula can too manipulate the weather and, within his range, is able to direct the elements, such as storms, fog and mist.^[28]

Shapeshifting [edit]

Dracula can alter form at volition, able to grow and get small, his featured forms in the novel existence that of a bat, a wolf, a big dog and a fog or mist. When the moonlight is shining, he tin can travel every bit elemental dust within its rays. He is able to pass through tiny cracks or crevices while retaining his man class or in the grade of a vapour; described by Van Helsing as the ability to slip through a hairbreadth space of a tomb door or coffin. This is too an ability used past his victim Lucy equally a vampire. When the party breaks into her tomb, they open the sealed coffin to find her corpse is no longer located within.^[30]

Vampirism [edit]

Ane of Dracula's powers is the ability to turn others into vampires by bitter them. Co-ordinate to Van Helsing:

When they go such, there comes with the alter the expletive of immortality; they cannot die, merely must go on age later age adding new victims and multiplying the evils of the world. For all that dice from the preying of the Undead become themselves Undead, and prey on their kind. And and then the circumvolve goes on ever widening, like as the ripples from a rock thrown in the water. Friend Arthur, if you had met that kiss which you know of earlier poor Lucy die, or again, final nighttime when you open your arms to her, y'all would in time, when you had died, take become nosferatu, every bit they phone call information technology in Eastern Europe, and would for all time make more than of those Un-Deads that so have filled united states with horror.

—Dr. Seward's journal, Dracula, Affiliate 16

The vampire bite itself does not cause death. It is the method vampires use to drain blood of the victim and to increment their influence over them. This is described past Van Helsing:

The nosferatu do non die like the bee when he sting once. He is only stronger, and being stronger, accept yet more than power to work evil.

—Dr. Seward'due south periodical, Dracula, Chapter 18

Victims who are bitten by a vampire and do not dice, are hypnotically influenced by them:

Those children whose blood she suck are not however then much worse; just if she live on, United nations-Dead, more and more than lose their claret and past her power over them they come to her.

Van Helsing later describes the backwash of a bitten victim when the vampire has been killed:

Merely if she die in truth, then all cease; the tiny wounds of the throats disappear, and they go back to their plays unknowing of whatever has been.

Every bit Dracula slowly drains Lucy's blood, she dies from acute blood loss and later transforms into a vampire, despite the efforts of Seward and Van Helsing to provide her with blood transfusions.^[31]

He is aided by powers of necromancy and divination of the dead, that all who die by his hand may reanimate and exercise his bidding.^[28]

Bloodletting [edit]

Dracula requires no other sustenance merely fresh human being blood, which has the issue of rejuvenating him and allowing him to grow younger. His power is drawn from the claret of others, and he cannot survive without information technology.^{[28] [32]} Although drinking claret tin can rejuvenate his youth and forcefulness, it does not give him the ability to regenerate; months after being struck on the caput by a shovel, he all the same bears a scar from the impact.^[33]

Dracula'southward preferred victims are women.^[34] Harker states that he believes Dracula has a country of fasting as well every bit a state of feeding.^[35] Dracula does country to Mina, however, that exerting his abilities causes a desire to feed.^[36]

Vampire'southward Baptism of Blood [edit]

Count Dracula is depicted as the "King Vampire", and tin control other vampires. To punish Mina and the party for their efforts confronting him, Dracula bites her on at least three occasions. He also forces her to drink his claret; this act curses her with the furnishings of vampirism and gives him a telepathic link to her thoughts.^[37] However, hypnotism was just able to be done earlier dawn.^[38] Van Helsing refers to the act of drinking blood by both the vampire and the victim "the Vampire's Baptism of Blood".^[39]

y'all, their best love i, are now to me, flesh of my flesh, blood of my blood, kin of my kin, my bountiful wine-press for a while, and shall exist subsequently my companion and my helper. You shall exist avenged in turn, for not one of them but shall minister to your needs. But equally yet you are to exist punished for what you accept done. You lot have aided in disappointment me. Now yous shall come to my call. When my brain says 'Come!' to you, yous shall cross land or sea to do my bidding.^[xl]

The effects changes Mina physically and mentally over time. A few moments subsequently Dracula attacks her, Van Helsing takes a wafer of sacramental bread and places information technology on her brow to anoint her; when the bread touches her skin, it burns her and leaves a scar on her brow. Her teeth showtime growing longer just practise non grow sharper. She begins to lose her appetite, feeling repulsed by normal nutrient,^[41] begins to slumber more and more during the day; cannot wake unless at dusk and stops writing in her diary. When Van Helsing later crumbles the same staff of life in a circumvolve around her, she is unable to cross or leave the circle, discovering a new form of protection.^[42]

Dracula's death can release the curse on whatever living victim of eventual transformation into vampire. However, Van Helsing reveals that were he to escape, his connected beingness would ensure that even if he did not victimize Mina further, she would transform into a vampire upon her eventual natural death.

Limitations of his powers [edit]

Dracula is much less powerful in daylight and is only able to shift his form at dawn, noon, and dusk (he tin shift his class freely at night or if he is at his grave). The sun is not fatal to him, as sunlight does not burn and destroy him upon contact, though almost of his abilities finish.

The dominicus that rose on our sorrow this morn guards united states in its form. Until it sets to-dark, that monster must retain any form he at present has. He is confined within the limitations of his earthly envelope. He cannot melt into thin air nor disappear through cracks or chinks or crannies. If he become through a doorway, he must open the door like a mortal.

His power ceases, equally does that all of all evil things, at the coming of the day. Only at certain times tin can he have limited freedom. If he be not at the place whither he is jump, he can simply modify himself at noon or exact sunrise or dusk.

Afterward interpretations of the grapheme, and vampires in general, would amplify this trait into an outright fatal weakness, making it and then that even the first rays of sunrise are capable of reducing a vampire to ash.^{[ citation needed ]}

He is likewise limited in his ability to travel, as he tin can but cross running h2o at low or high tide. Owing to this, he is unable to fly across a river in the form of a bat or mist or even by himself board a gunkhole or step off a gunkhole onto a dock unless he is physically carried over with assistance. He is also unable to enter a identify unless invited to do so past someone of the household, fifty-fifty a visitor; in one case invited, he can enter and leave the premises at will.^[28]

Weaknesses [edit]

Thirst [edit]

Dracula is commonly depicted with a bloodlust which he is seemingly unable to control. Adaptations sometimes call this uncontrollable state 'the thirst'.

Religious symbolism [edit]

There are items which afflict him to the point he has no power and can even calm him from his insatiable appetite for claret. He is repulsed past garlic, as well as sacred items and symbols such as crucifixes, and sacramental breadstuff.

at the instant I saw that the cut had bled a piddling, and the blood was trickling over my chin. I laid downwardly the razor, turning as I did so half round to look for some sticking plaster. When the Count saw my face, his eyes blazed with a sort of demoniac fury, and he suddenly fabricated a grab at my throat. I drew away and his hand touched the string of chaplet which held the crucifix. It made an instant alter in him, for the fury passed and so rapidly that I could inappreciably believe that it was ever there.

—Jonathan Harker'south journal, Dracula, Chapter 2

Placing the co-operative of a wild rose upon the summit of his coffin will render him unable to escape it; a sacred bullet fired into the coffin could kill him so that he remain true-dead.^[28]

Mount Ash is likewise described as a grade of protection from a vampire although the effects are unknown.^[43] This was believed to be used as protection against evil spirits and witches during the Victorian era.

Death-slumber [edit]

The state of rest to which vampires are decumbent during the day is described in the novel equally a deathlike sleep in which the vampire sleeps open-eyed, is unable to awaken or move, and also may be unaware of any presence of individuals who may be trespassing. Dracula is portrayed equally being agile in daylight at least one time to pursue a victim. Dracula also purchases many properties throughout London 'over the counter' which shows that he does accept the ability to have some type of presence in daylight.

on a pile of newly dug earth, lay the Count! He was either dead or asleep. I could not say which, for optics were open up and stony, but without the glassiness of expiry, and the cheeks had the warmth of life through all their pallor. The lips were every bit red equally ever. But at that place was no sign of movement, no pulse, no breath, no beating of the center. I bent over him, and tried to notice whatever sign of life, only in vain... I idea he might have the keys on him, just when I went to search I saw the expressionless eyes, and in them dead though they were, such a look of hate, though unconscious of me or my presence, that I fled from the identify, and leaving the Count'south room past the window.^[44]

He requires Transylvanian soil to exist nearby to him in a foreign country or to be entombed within his bury within Transylvania in gild to successfully rest; otherwise, he will be unable to recover his force. This has forced him to send many boxes of Transylvanian globe to each of his residences in London. He is most powerful when he is inside his Earth-Home, Coffin-Abode, Hell-Home, or any place unhallowed.^{[28] [45]}

Farther, if Dracula or any vampire has had their fill in blood upon feeding, they will be acquired to remainder in this dead country fifty-fifty longer than usual.^[46]

Other abilities [edit]

While universally feared by the local people of Transylvania and fifty-fifty across, Dracula commands the loyalty of Gypsies and a ring of Slovaks who transport his boxes on their way to London and to serve as an armed convoy bringing his bury back to his castle. The Slovaks and Gypsies appear to know his truthful nature, for they laugh at Harker when he tries to communicate his plight, and betray Harker's attempt to send a letter of the alphabet through them by giving it to the Count.

Dracula seems to be able to hold influence over people with mental disorders, such equally Renfield, who is never bitten but who worships Dracula, referring to him over the form of the novel as "Master" and "Lord". Dracula likewise afflicts Lucy with chronic sleepwalking, putting her into a trance-like state that allows them non merely to submit to his will but also seek him and satisfy his demand to feed.

Dracula's powers and weaknesses vary greatly in the many adaptations. Previous and subsequent vampires from different legends have had like vampire characteristics.

Grapheme development subsequent to the novel [edit]

Christopher Lee starred equally Dracula in numerous British horror films produced past Hammer Films. Shown hither is the 1958 pic Dracula. Lee fixed the image of the vampire bearing dual elongated fangs in popular civilization.^{[47] [48]}

Dracula has been portrayed by more actors in more visual media adaptations of the novel than any other horror character.^[49] Actors who have played him include Max Schreck, Bela Lugosi, John Carradine, Lon Chaney Jr., Christopher Lee, Francis Lederer, Denholm Elliott, Jack Palance, Louis Jourdan, Rudolf Martin, Frank Langella, Klaus Kinski, Gary Oldman, Leslie Nielsen, George Hamilton, David Niven, Charles Macaulay, Keith-Lee Castle, Gerard Butler, Duncan Regehr, Richard Roxburgh, Marc Warren, Rutger Hauer, Stephen Billington, Thomas Kretschmann, Dominic Purcell, Luke Evans and Claes Blindside. In 2003, Count Dracula, as portrayed by Lugosi in the 1931 pic, was named equally the 33rd greatest pic villain by the AFI.^[fifty] In 2013, Empire magazine ranked Lee'south portrayal as Dracula the 7th Greatest Horror Movie Grapheme of All Time.^[51]

The grapheme is closely associated with the western cultural archetype of the vampire, and remains a popular Halloween costume.

• Count Dracula appears in Mad Monster Party? voiced by Allen Swift. This version is shown to be wearing a monocle. Count Dracula is among the monsters that Baron Boris von Frankenstein invites to the Isle of Evil to show off the secret of full destruction and denote his retirement from the Worldwide Arrangement of Monsters.
• Sesame Street character Count von Count is based on Bela Lugosi's interpretation of Count Dracula and Jack Davis' pattern for Dracula from Mad Monster Party?.
• Count Dracula appears in Mad Mad Mad Monsters (a "prequel of sorts" to Mad Monster Party?) voiced again by Allen Swift. He and his son are invited by Baron Henry von Frankenstein to attend the nuptials of Frankenstein'southward monster and its mate at the Transylvania Astoria Hotel.
• Dracula is the chief adversary of the Castlevania video game series, the first two seasons of the Castlevania Netflix series, and the main protagonist of the Lords of Shadow reboot serial.
• Count Dracula appears in the Attack of the Killer Tomatoes episode "Spatula, Prinze of Dorkness", voiced by S. Scott Bullock. He relates a tale of how he once gave Dr. Putrid T. Gangreen a serum to transform tomatoes into vampire tomatoes. Though the Md refused, Zoltan overheard their conversation and, mistaking the word serum for syrup, ingests the serum himself and renaming himself "Spatula, Prinze of Dorkness" who can plow people into vampires past kissing them in the neck (a stipulation that the Censor Lady put into place in fear of showing the biting and mortality associated with vampires on a Sat morning cartoon). This spread to the other tomatoes and the entire boondocks. When the dominicus came upwardly and disabled the vampires, Count Dracula in sunblock appears and deemed that the town is not worthy to be vampires. He then gives Chad Finletter the antitoxin to the vampirism and advises that the tomatoes be squashed immediately.
• Dracula appears every bit the lead character of Dracula the Un-dead, a novel past Stoker's great-grand nephew Dacre presented as a sequel to the original.
• In the Supernatural episode "Monster Monster", a shapeshifter that Sam and Dean Winchester fight considers his grade of Count Dracula (portrayed by Todd Stashwick) his favourite form. Information technology is in this class that Jamie killed him with Sam'due south gun loaded with silverish bullets.
• Count Dracula is the chief grapheme of the Hotel Transylvania franchise, voiced by Adam Sandler in the first iii movies and by Brian Hull in the quaternary movie.
• Dracula, going by an inversion of his proper noun, "Alucard," serves equally the main grapheme of the anime and manga series Hellsing and Hellsing Ultimate where he serves Integra Hellsing, Abraham's great-granddaughter, equally an anti-vampire warrior devoted to the British Crown.
• Dracula is the main antagonist of the Showtime series Penny Dreadful, portrayed by Christian Camargo. This version of the character is the brother of Friction match and, thus, a fallen angel.

Modern and postmodern analyses of the grapheme [edit]

Portrait of Vlad Iii Dracula (c. 1560), reputedly a copy of an original made during his lifetime

Already in 1958, Cecil Kirtly proposed that Count Dracula shared his personal past with the historical Transylvanian-built-in Voivode Vlad Iii Dracula of Wallachia, also known as Vlad the Impaler or Vlad Țepeș. Following the publication of In Search of Dracula past Radu Florescu and Raymond McNally in 1972, this supposed connection attracted much popular attention. This work argued that Bram Stoker based his Dracula on Vlad the Impaler.^[52]

Historically, the name "Dracula" is the family name of Vlad Țepeș' family, a name derived from a fraternal order of knights chosen the Order of the Dragon, founded past Sigismund of Grand duchy of luxembourg (king of Republic of hungary and Bohemia, and Holy Roman Emperor) to uphold Christianity and defend the Empire against the Ottoman Turks. Vlad II Dracul, father of Vlad III, was admitted to the guild effectually 1431 because of his bravery in fighting the Turks and was dubbed Dracul (dragon or devil) thus his son became Dracula (son of the dragon). From 1431 onward, Vlad II wore the emblem of the order and later, as ruler of Wallachia, his coinage bore the dragon symbol.^[53]

Shakespearean actor and friend of Stoker'southward Sir Henry Irving is widely considered to exist a existent-life inspiration for the character of Dracula.

Stoker came beyond the name Dracula in his reading on Romanian history, and chose this to replace the name (Count Wampyr) that he had originally intended to utilise for his villain. However, some Dracula scholars, led by Elizabeth Miller, accept questioned the depth of this connexion as early as 1998. They argue that Stoker in fact knew little of the historic Vlad III, Vlad the Impaler, and that he used only the name "Dracula" and some miscellaneous scraps of Romanaian history.^[54] Likewise, there are no comments about Vlad III in the author'southward working notes.^[55]

While having a conversation with Jonathan Harker in Affiliate 3, Dracula refers to his own background, and these speeches show elements which Stoker directly copied from An Account of the Principalities of Wallachia and Moldavia: With Various Political Observations Relating to Them by William Wilkinson.^[56] Stoker mentions the Voivode of the Dracula race who fought against the Turks afterward the defeat in the Battle of Kosovo, and was later betrayed by his blood brother, historical facts which unequivocally point to Vlad III, described as "Voïvode Dracula" by Wilkinson:

Who was it but ane of my own race who as Voivode crossed the Danube and beat the Turk on his ain ground? This was a Dracula indeed! Woe was it that his own unworthy brother, when he had fallen, sold his people to the Turk and brought the shame of slavery on them! Was it not this Dracula, indeed, who inspired that other of his race who in a later historic period again and again brought his forces over the great river into Turkey-country; who, when he was beaten back, came again, and over again, though he had to come up solitary from the encarmine field where his troops were being slaughtered, since he knew that he lonely could ultimately triumph! (Chapter iii, pp. nineteen)

The Count's intended identity is later commented by Professor Van Helsing, referring to a alphabetic character from his friend Arminius:

He must, indeed, accept been that Voivode Dracula who won his proper noun against the Turk, over the great river on the very frontier of Turkey-land. (Chapter 18, pp. 145)

This indeed encourages the reader to place the Count with the Voivode Dracula first mentioned past him in Affiliate 3, the one betrayed by his blood brother: Vlad Iii Dracula, betrayed by his brother Radu the Handsome, who had chosen the side of the Turks. But as noted by the Dutch author Hans Corneel de Roos, in Affiliate 25, Van Helsing and Mina drop this rudimentary connection to Vlad III and instead describe the Count'due south personal past as that of "that other of his race" who lived "in a afterwards age". By smoothly exchanging Vlad III for a nameless double, Stoker avoided his main character beingness unambiguously linked to a historical person traceable in whatever history book.

Similarly, the novelist did non desire to disembalm the precise site of the Count's residence, Castle Dracula. Every bit confirmed by Stoker'due south own handwritten research notes, the novelist had a specific location for the Castle in mind while writing the narrative: an empty mountain top in the Transylvanian Kelemen alps near the one-time border with Moldavia.^[57] Efforts to promote the Poenari Castle (ca. 200 km away from the novel's place of activeness near the Borgo Laissez passer) as the "real Castle Dracula" have no basis in Stoker's writing; although it bears much similarity to the fictional Castle Dracula, no written prove shows Stoker to have heard of it. Regarding the Bran Castle about Brașov, Stoker possibly saw an illustration of Castle Bran (Törzburg) in Charles Boner'southward 1865 book on Transylvania, Transylvania: Its Products and Its People.^{[58] [59]} Although Stoker may have been inspired by its romantic advent, neither Boner, nor Mazuchelli nor Crosse (who also mention Terzburg or Törzburg) acquaintance it with Vlad III; for the site of his fictitious Castle Dracula, Stoker preferred an empty mountain top.

Furthermore, Stoker'south detailed notes reveal that the novelist was very well aware of the ethnic and geo-political differences between the "Roumanians" or "Wallachs"/"Wallachians", descendants of the Dacians, and the Székelys or Szeklers, allies of the Magyars or Hungarians, whose interests were opposed to that of the Wallachians. In the novel's original typewritten manuscript, the Count speaks of throwing off the "Austrian yoke", which corresponds to the Szekler political point of view. This expression is crossed out, however, and replaced past "Hungarian yoke" (equally appearing in the printed version), which matches the historical perspective of the Wallachians. This has been interpreted by some to mean that Stoker opted for the Wallachian, not the Szekler interpretation, thus lending more consistency to the Romanian identity of his Count: although non identical with Vlad III, the Vampire is portrayed as one of the "Dracula race".^[60] However, despite this, Stoker chose the Count to have revealed himself to exist a Székely, and not a Wallachian nobleman (the region where the real "Draculas" ruled over).

Screen portrayals [edit]

Yr	Title	Actor playing Dracula	Notes
1921	Dracula's Expiry	Erik Vanko	Lost film
1922	Nosferatu	Max Schreck	Renamed Count Orlok for legal reasons
1931	Dracula	Bela Lugosi
	Drácula	Carlos Villarías	Spanish version using the same sets as the Lugosi version, but with a different bandage and coiffure.
1943	Son of Dracula	Lon Chaney Jr.
1944	Firm of Frankenstein	John Carradine
1945	House of Dracula
1948	Abbott and Costello Meet Frankenstein	Bela Lugosi
1953	Drakula İstanbul'da	Atıf Kaptan
1958	Dracula	Christopher Lee
	The Render of Dracula	Francis Lederer
1964	Batman Dracula	Jack Smith
1966	Dracula: Prince of Darkness	Christopher Lee
	Billy the Kid vs Dracula	John Carradine
1967	Mad Monster Party?	Allen Swift	Animated film
	Blood of Dracula's Castle	Alexander D'Arcy
1968	Dracula Has Risen from the Grave	Christopher Lee
	Dracula	Denholm Elliott	Episode of United kingdom TV serial Mystery and Imagination
1969	Las vampiras	John Carradine
	The Magic Christian	Christopher Lee
1970	Count Dracula
	Taste the Blood of Dracula
	One More than Time
	Scars of Dracula
	Cuadecuc, vampir
	Jonathan	Paul Albert Krumm
1971	Dracula vs. Frankenstein	Zandor Vorkov
	Night Gallery	Francis Lederer	Episode: "The Devil Is Non Mocked"
1972	Blacula	Charles Macaulay
	Mad Mad Mad Monsters	Allen Swift	Blithe motion-picture show
	Dracula A.D. 1972	Christopher Lee
	Count Dracula's Swell Love	Paul Naschy
1973	Scream Blacula Scream	Charles Macaulay
	The Satanic Rites of Dracula	Christopher Lee
	Bram Stoker'due south Dracula	Jack Palance	Television movie
1974	Blood for Dracula	Udo Kier
	Legend of the 7 Golden Vampires	John Forbes-Robertson
	Vampira	David Niven	Released in US equally Old Dracula
1975	Lady Dracula	Stephen Boyd	Germany (theatrically released in 1977)
1976	Dracula and Son	Christopher Lee
1977	Dracula's Canis familiaris	Michael Pataki
	Count Dracula	Louis Jourdan	Television set movie
1978	Dr. Dracula	John Carradine
1979	Nosferatu the Vampyre	Klaus Kinski	Remake of Nosferatu (1922) with the novel'south character names restored.
	Cliffhangers	Michael Nouri	Episode: "The Expletive of Dracula"
	Love at First Bite	George Hamilton
	Nocturna	John Carradine
	Dracula	Frank Langella
	The Halloween That Almost Wasn't	Judd Hirsch	Television receiver motion picture
1985	Fracchia Vs. Dracula	Edmund Purdom
1987	The Monster Squad	Duncan Regehr
1988	Waxwork	Miles O'Keeffe
	Scooby-Doo and the Ghoul School	Zale Kessler	Animated film
	Scooby-Doo! and the Reluctant Werewolf	Hamilton Camp	Blithe film
1989	The Super Mario Bros. Super Evidence	Jim Ward	Episode: "Bats in the Basement"
	Captain Due north: The Game Chief	Garry Chalk	Animated TV series
	Superboy	Lloyd Bochner	Episode: "Young Dracula"
1990	Attack of the Killer Tomatoes	South. Scott Bullock	Episode: "Spatula, Prinze of Dorkness"
1990–1991	Dracula: The Series	Geordie Johnson	Television receiver series
1992	Bram Stoker's Dracula	Gary Oldman
1993	The Young Indiana Jones Chronicles	Bob Peck	Episode: "Transylvania, Jan 1918"
	U.F.O.	Antony Georghiou
1994	Monster Strength	Robert Bockstael
1995	Monster Mash	Anthony Crivello
	Dracula: Dead and Loving It	Leslie Nielsen
1997	The Creeps	Phil Fondacaro
2000	Dracula 2000	Gerard Butler
	Buffy the Vampire Slayer	Rudolf Martin	Episode: "Buffy vs. Dracula"
	Dark Prince: The Truthful Story of Dracula	Rudolf Martin	Idiot box movie
2001	Dracula, the Musical	Tom Hewitt
2002	Dracula: Pages from a Virgin'southward Diary	Zhang Wei-Qiang
	Dracula	Patrick Bergin
2003	Dracula II: Rise	Stephen Billington
2004	Van Helsing	Richard Roxburgh
	Blade: Trinity	Dominic Purcell
	Dracula 3000	Langley Kirkwood
2005	Dracula	Wins Dieus	Indian Malayalam-language television series on Asianet.
	The Batman vs. Dracula	Peter Stormare	Animated moving-picture show
	Dracula Three: Legacy	Rutger Hauer
2005–2008	The Grim Adventures of Billy & Mandy	Phil LaMarr	Animated Television series
2006	Dracula	Marc Warren	Television film
2006–2014	Young Dracula	Keith-Lee Castle	Television set series
2008	Dracula	Wins Dieus	Indian Telugu-language tv serial on Gemini TV.
	Supernatural	Todd Stashwick	Episode: "Monster Picture show"
	The Librarian: Expletive of the Judas Chalice	Bruce Davison
2009	House of the Wolf Homo	Michael R. Thomas
2012	Family unit Guy	Seth MacFarlane	Episode: "Livin' on a Prayer"
	Dracula 3D	Thomas Kretschmann
	Hotel Transylvania	Adam Sandler	Animated motion-picture show
	Dracula Reborn	Stuart Rigby	Television receiver film
2013	Dracula	Jonathan Rhys Meyers	Idiot box series
	Dracula 2012	Sudheer Sukumaran	Indian horror picture
	Dear Dracula	Ray Liotta	Blithe film
	Dracula: The Nighttime Prince	Luke Roberts
2014	Dracula Untold	Luke Evans
2015	Hotel Transylvania 2	Adam Sandler	Animated film
2016	Penny Dreadful	Christian Camargo	Telly series
	Welcome To Monster High	Michael Sorich	Animated motion picture
2017	Monster High: Electrified	Michael Sorich	Animated picture
2017–present	Hotel Transylvania	David Berni	Animated Goggle box series
	Castlevania	Graham McTavish	Animated Television receiver series
	Monster Loftier: The Adventures of the Ghoul Squad	Michael Sorich	Animated TV series
2017	Monster Family	Jason Isaacs	Animated pic
2018	Hotel Transylvania iii: Summertime Holiday	Adam Sandler	Animated film
2019	Van Helsing	Tricia Helfer	Television serial
2020	Dracula	Claes Bang	Television miniseries
	Dracula Sir	Anirban Bhattacharya	Indian Bengali-language moving-picture show loosely based on the fable of the Dracula.
2021	Monster Pets	Brian Hull	Replacing Adam Sandler.
2022	Hotel Transylvania: Transformania
2023	The Last Voyage of the Demeter	Javier Botet
2023	Renfield	Nicolas Muzzle

See also [edit]

• Elizabeth Báthory
• Carmilla
• Clinical vampirism
• List of fictional vampires
• List of horror film antagonists

References [edit]

1. ^ Stoker, Bram. Dracula (PDF). Chapter 20, Jonathan Harker's Journal, LETTER, MITCHELL, SONS & Processed TO LORD GODALMING, i Oct. p. 391. The purchaser is a strange nobleman, Count de Ville {{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location (link)
2. ^ Stoker, Bram. Dracula (PDF). Chapter 6, Jonathan Harker's Journal. p. 500. He had received a letter of the alphabet from Mr. de Ville of London {{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location (link)
3. ^ Stoker, Bram. Dracula (PDF). pp. x, 14, 499, 517.
4. ^ Stoker, Bram. Dracula (PDF). Chapter ii, Jonathan Harker'southward Journal. p. 9. 'Ordog'—Satan, 'Pokol'—hell, 'stregoica'—witch, 'vrolok' and 'vlkoslak'—both mean the aforementioned thing, 1 being Slovak and the other Servian for something that is either werewolf or vampire. {{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location (link)
5. ^ Stoker, Bram. Dracula (PDF). Ch 23, Dr Seward's Diary. p. 436. 'Look out for D. He has just now, 12:45, come from Carfax hurriedly and hastened towards the Southward. {{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location (link)
6. ^ Stoker, Bram. Dracula (PDF). pp. nine, 42.
7. ^ Stoker, Bram. Dracula's Guest (PDF). p. 11. A wolf—and all the same not a wolf!" another put in shudderingly. "No utilize trying for him without the sacred bullet.
8. ^ Stoker, Bram. Dracula (PDF). Chapter ii, Jonathan Harker'due south Journal. p. 35. We Transylvanian nobles beloved not to think that our bones may prevarication among the mutual dead. {{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location (link)
9. ^ Stoker, Bram. Dracula (PDF). pp. 43, 344.
10. ^ Stoker, Bram. Dracula (PDF). Chapter 18, Dr. Seward'due south Diary. p. 344. {{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location (link)
11. ^ Stoker, Bram. Dracula (PDF). Ch 27, DR. VAN HELSING'South MEMORANDUM, 5 November. p. 531. DRACULA This so was the Undead home of the Rex Vampire, to whom so many more were due. {{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location (link)
12. ^ Warren, Louis S. (2002). "Buffalo Neb Meets Dracula: William F. Cody, Bram Stoker, and the Frontiers of Racial Decay". The American Historical Review. Washington DC: American Historical Association. 107 (4): 1124–57. doi:x.1086/ahr/107.4.1124. ISSN 0002-8762 – via Oxford Journals Online.
13. ^ Senf, Ballad N. (Autumn 1979). "Dracula: The Unseen Face up in the Mirror". Journal of Narrative Technique. Ypsilanti, Michigan: Eastern Michigan University. 9 (3): 160–70.
14. ^ The Cambridge Companion to 'Dracula' . Cambridge University Press. 2018. p. 101. ISBN9781107153172.
15. ^ Stoker, Bram. "Chapter 23". Dracula (PDF). p. 434.
16. ^ Dracula Chapter 18 and Chapter 23
17. ^ Mina Harker's Journal, thirty September, Dracula, Chapter 18
18. ^ Dracula Affiliate 27
19. ^ ^{a b} Stoker, Bram. Dracula (PDF). Chapter 20, Jonathan Harker'southward Journal. pp. 373, 374. {{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location (link)
20. ^ Stoker, Bram. Dracula (PDF). Chapter 20, Jonathan Harker'south Journal, Letter of the alphabet, Mitchell, Sons, and Candy to Lord Godalming. p. 329. {{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location (link)
21. ^ Stoker, Bram. Dracula (PDF). Chapter 18, Dr. Seward's Diary. p. 346. {{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location (link)
22. ^ Stoker, Bram. Dracula (PDF). Chapter 21, Dr. Seward'due south Diary. p. 404,405,406. {{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location (link)
23. ^ Stoker, Bram (2011). Dracula. Oxford Academy Press. Oxford. p. 21.
24. ^ Stoker, Bram. Dracula (PDF). Affiliate ii, Jonathan Harker's Journal. p. 35. {{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location (link)
25. ^ Stoker, Bram. Dracula (PDF). Ch iii, Jonathan Harker's Journal. p. 57. 'Yes, I too tin can love. You yourselves tin tell information technology from the past. Is it not so? {{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location (link)
26. ^ ^{a b} Dracula, Chapter ii
27. ^ Stoker, Bram. Dracula (PDF). Ch seven, Jonathan Harker's Journal. p. 123. 'knife went through It, empty as the air {{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location (link)
28. ^ ^{a b c d e f g h} Dracula, Chapter 18
29. ^ Stoker, Bram. Dracula (PDF). Ch xix, Jonathan Harker's Journal. pp. 360–361. {{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location (link)
30. ^ Stoker, Bram. Dracula (PDF). Chapter fifteen, Dr Seward'south Diary. pp. 281, 282. Taking the edge of the loose flange, he bent it back towards the foot of the coffin, and holding up the candle into the discontinuity, motioned to me to await. I drew virtually and looked. The coffin was empty. Information technology was certainly a surprise to me, and gave me a considerable shock {{cite volume}}: CS1 maint: location (link)
31. ^ Stoker, Bram. Dracula. Chapter 10, Dr. Seward'due south Diary. p. 174. {{cite volume}}: CS1 maint: location (link)
32. ^ Stoker, Bram. Dracula (PDF). Ch 18, Dr. Seward'southward Diary. p. 341. on the blood of the living. Even more, nosotros have seen amid us that he can even grow younger, that his vital faculties grow strenuous, and seem as though they refresh themselves when his special pabulum is plenty. {{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location (link)
33. ^ Stoker, Bram. Dracula (PDF). Ch 21, Jonathan Harker's Periodical. pp. 411–412. I knew him at in one case from the description of the others. ...I knew, as well, the cherry scar on his forehead where Jonathan had struck him. {{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location (link)
34. ^ Stoker, Bram. Dracula (PDF). Ch 15, Westminster Gazette. pp. 252–254. {{cite volume}}: CS1 maint: location (link)
35. ^ Stoker, Bram. Dracula (PDF). Ch xix, Jonathan Harker's Journal. p. 358. and when I had seen him he was either in the fasting stage of his existence in his rooms or, when he was bloated with fresh blood, {{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location (link)
36. ^ Stoker, Bram. Dracula (PDF). Ch 21, Dr. Seward's Diary, three October. p. 412. First, a little refreshment to advantage my exertions. {{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location (link)
37. ^ Stoker, Bram. Dracula (PDF). Chapter 23, Dr. Seward'due south Diary. p. 448. {{cite volume}}: CS1 maint: location (link)
38. ^ Stoker, Bram. Dracula (PDF). Ch 20, Jonathan Harker's Journal. p. 376. hypnotize before dawn {{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location (link)
39. ^ Stoker, Bram. Dracula (PDF). pp. 462, 492, 523.
40. ^ Stoker, Bram. Dracula (PDF). Chapter 21, Dr. Seward'south Diary. p. 413. {{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location (link)
41. ^ Stoker, Bram. Dracula (PDF). Ch. 27, Mina Harker's Journal, half dozen November. p. 533. But I could not eat, to even endeavor to practise then was repulsive to me, and much as I would have liked to delight him, I could not bring myself to the endeavour. {{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location (link)
42. ^ Stoker, Bram. Dracula (PDF). Affiliate 27, Memorandum by Abraham Van Helsing, 4 November. pp. 519–527. {{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location (link)
43. ^ Dracula, Chapter three, 2nd page
44. ^ Stoker, Bram. Dracula (PDF). Chapter 4, Jonathan Harker's Journal. pp. 70, 71. {{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location (link)
45. ^ Stoker, Bram. Dracula (PDF). Chapter eighteen, Doctor Seward'southward Diary. p. 343. Thus, whereas he tin can exercise every bit he will inside his limit, when he have his globe-home, his coffin-domicile, his hell-home, the place unhallowed, every bit we saw when he went to the grave of the suicide at Whitby, notwithstanding at other time he tin can only change when the fourth dimension come. {{cite volume}}: CS1 maint: location (link)
46. ^ Stoker, Bram. Dracula (PDF). Affiliate 22, Jonathan Harker's Periodical, 23 October. p. 424. The Count may come to Piccadilly earlier than we retrieve.' 'Not so!' said Van Helsing, holding up his hand. 'But why?' I asked. 'Do you lot forget,' he said, with actually a smile, 'that terminal night he banqueted heavily, and will sleep late? {{cite volume}}: CS1 maint: location (link)
47. ^ "Fangs for the memories: The A-Z of vampires". The Independent. No. 31 October 2009.
48. ^ Melton, J. Gordon (1994). The Vampire Book: The Encyclopedia of the Undead . Detroit, Michigan: Visible Ink Press. p. 247. ISBN978-1578592814.
49. ^ Guinness World Records Experience
50. ^ "AFI's 100 Greatest Heroes & Villains". AFI. 19 October 2017.
51. ^ "The 100 all-time horror moving picture characters". Empire. Retrieved 11 March 2019
52. ^ Dearden, Lizzie (xx May 2014). "Radu Florescu dead: Legacy of the Romanian 'Dracula professor' remembered". The Independent. London, England. Retrieved xiv September 2017.
53. ^ "Vlad Three". Encyclopædia Britannica. Chicago, Illinois: Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. Retrieved 13 April 2019.
54. ^ Davis, Lauren (21 October 2014). "No, Bram Stoker Did Not Model Dracula on Vlad The Impaler". Gizmodo. New York City: Univision Communications. Retrieved 13 April 2019.
55. ^ Cain, Jimmie E. (2006). "Notes – Affiliate Four". Bram Stoker and Russophobia: Evidence of the British Fright of Russia in Dracula and The Lady of the Shroud. Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland & Co. p. 182. ISBN0-7864-2407-9.
56. ^ Cazacu, Matei (2017). "Dracula and Bram Stoker". In Reinert, Stephen W. (ed.). Dracula. Leiden, Netherlands: Brill Publishers. p. 248. ISBN978-9004349216.
57. ^ Corneel de Roos, Hans (2012). "The Dracula Maps". The Ultimate Dracula. Munich, Deutschland: Moonlake Editions. ISBN978-3943559002.
58. ^ Boner, Charles (1865). Transylvania: Its Products and Its People. London, England: Longmans. ISBN978-1146490337.
59. ^ Crişan, Marius (2008). "The Models for Castle Dracula in Stoker's Sources on Transylvania". Periodical of Dracula Studies. Kutztown, Pennsylvania: Kutztown University of Pennsylvania (10).
60. ^ Corneel de Roos, Hans (2012). "Stoker'due south Vampire Trap: Vlad the Impaler and his Nameless Double". Linkoeping Electronic Articles in Computer and Data Science. Linkoeping, Sweden: Linkoeping Academy Electronic Press. 15 (2): 7.

Bibliography [edit]

• Clive Leatherdale (1985) Dracula: the Novel and the Fable. Desert Isle Books.
• Bram Stoker (1897) Dracula. Norton Critical Edition (1997) edited by Nina Auerbach and David J. Skal.
• Senf, Carol. Dracula: Betwixt Tradition and Modernism (Twayne, 1998).
• Senf, Carol A. Bram Stoker. University of Wales Press, 2010.

External links [edit]

cadeloortambel.blogspot.com

Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Count_Dracula

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